Territorial Systems (as discussant) (2024)

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Koenraad Danneels

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RESTRUCTURING OF A COASTAL TOWN SINCE THE EARTHQAUKE IN 1957: FETHIYE, TURKEY

Mehmet Rifat Kahyaoğlu, Feray Koca

International Planning History Society Proceedings

In ancient times, cities were not durable to the catastrophic devastations such that many of which were abandoned to their own fate. However, in modern times, with technological progress, the physical fabric of the cities is rebuilt, socio-economic and cultural structure is quickly resurrected against natural or human-induced disasters. It is the modern technology that provides the reconstruction of a city after a catastrophe; however, the resilience and recovery of a city is not just physical rebuilding. It is an adaptive and evolutionary process that absorbs all the impacts of hazards. Moreover, it includes the human endeavor and struggle, cooperation, self-reliance and sense of belongingness. The social and cultural scope of the resilience is the defining features of the cities, which sustain its essence and the urban fabric. The case area of this paper, Fethiye has a profound history with its coastal settlement dates back to Lycians. The name of the first known settlement in the town was Telmessos. Many earthquakes damaged the region since the ancient times and people had to seek for new and secure inhabiting destinations therefore, there are very few remains from ancient settlements except for rock tombs. Today, Fethiye is a modern coastal town in Turkey. It is significant with its touristic port, harmony of ancient and modern urban fabric, everlasting tourist industry and agricultural production. Many severe earthquakes have been recorded in Fethiye throughout history. The first planned urbanization started with the recovery works after the damage of earthquake in 1856. However, the town had been demolished again with the earthquake in 1957. Since then, it has been rebuilt with a modernist understanding and technique. This natural disaster formed a basis for the first legal regulations and organizational structure related to natural hazard areas, which was generated and ratified in 1959 in Turkey. Thus, the urban fabric of Fethiye is restructured according to modern lifestyle and new legal regulations for urbanization on natural hazard areas. A new district with the name of Karagözler is created. In the meantime, geographical advantage of the town, the coastal strip, which led to the initial settling, helped the resurrection of the town. However, with the popularity of sea holiday and growth of mass foreign tourism in 1960s, the wetlands in Fethiye were filled to make room for massive residential development. Fethiye is trying to enhance resilience with respect to the challenges of earthquake, rapid growth, eradication of natural resources, and touristic overpopulation especially in the summer months. The aim of this paper is to present the restructuring process of the coastal town Fethiye which absorbs the impacts of the abovementioned various hazards since the earthquake in 1957. It evaluates the positive and negative consequences of this restructuring process in terms of both resurrection of the town with tourism potential and loss of wetlands and natural resources.

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PRESERVING THE HISTORIC CULTURAL LANDSCAPE OF KARABAGLAR, TURKEY

Feray Koca

International Planning History Society Proceedings

Historic cultural landscapes are formed with collective activities of the inhabitants; they are part of a collective identity, shared set of meanings and a local culture. With their unique natural and man-made qualities, they have been the cultural representation of the society in history. In this respect, they are natural and cultural heritage that must be preserved. The case area of this paper, Karabaglar is a historic cultural landscape located at the periphery of Mugla town. There has been a seasonal cyclic movement (transhumance culture) between these two settlements for centuries that set up an interdependency and interaction. Karabaglar served to house economy as far as recreational needs of town residents. The cultural landscape of Karabaglar is composed of one-five-acre regular horticultural flatlands on which scattered traditional cubic houses situated. Land use, social and cultural practices of the residents and their relations with the environment have given form to the landscape of Karabaglar throughout centuries; therefore, its spatial organization is an outcome of socio-cultural formation. Some landscape components and character defining features specific in Karabaglar have been invented by initial inhabitants, reproduced through daily uses, and transmitted through time as socio-cultural practices. They were structured with a great sensitivity to the environment. Therefore, spatial organization in Karabaglar asserts the existence of coherence between human activities and environment, wholly reveals the uniqueness of Karabaglar. Karabaglar has made testimony to the practices of changing society throughout the history. Karabaglar landscape witnessed the past and present interaction of the community with the environment. In this respect, Karabaglar keeps the cultural history of initial inhabitants and presents cultural richness. The history of Karabaglar dates back to the 17th century when the first sedentary settlement movements started with Turcoman nomads. Until 20th century, Karabaglar provided a noticeable amount of agricultural contribution to the town economy. However, with modernization, especially after 1950s, socio economic and technological dynamics have altered the significance of Karabaglar for town economy and social life. After 1960s, the technological developments especially in transportation have been effective in the restructuring of Karabaglar pattern. The cultural landscape of Karabaglar started to transform into new residential area of the town as a result of urbanization. In the recent century, developments in the economy, technology, and transportation have changed the preferences of people that influence the lifestyle and the building practices in Karabaglar. Hence, the original character, natural and cultural qualities could not save their existence. This paper aims to search preservation strategies against the deterioration of historic cultural landscape of Karabaglar. It first explains the natural and cultural values of Karabaglar in line with its historic existence, then determines the changing circumstances with modernization, later goes on to explain the transformation process of Karabaglar within urbanization. Finally, it discusses the preservation tools and techniques assessing the historic cultural landscape and its cultural heritage in integrity and providing the perpetuation of Karabaglar’s being.

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Lost in Translation: Colonial Heritage and Amnesia in an African City

Lisandra Franco de Mendonça

I International Congress Colonial and Postcolonial Landscapes, Architecture, Cities, Infrastructures, 16th-18th January, 2019, Lisbon, Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, Book of Abstracts, 2019

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UpCycle Barcelona - Cogenerative Design Strategies for a Sustainable Urban Metabolism

Nadia Casabella, Geoffrey Grulois

This publication presents the results of a two-week Erasmus Intensive Programme organized in Barcelona’s Zona Franca during spring 2014 in order to explore potential convergences between urbanism, urban metabolism and industrial ecology for planning sustainable European cities.

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Territorial Systems (as discussant) (2024)

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